Learner Response

 1) Type up your feedback in full - WWW & EBI. You do not have to write your mark and grade if you don't want to.

Total = 24 = Grade 5

WWW - This is a very solid assessment, up slightly on your last one and with lots of potential to go even higher. Your questions on the clip are very good - 1.2 , 1.3. We now need to hit that level in the 20 mark question to open up the top grades.

EBI - Revise Reception theory a little!

       - Revise industries contexts for Doctor Who and Class. In particular BBC and Public Service                      Broadcasting - remit, ofcom, justifying license fee etc. Also merchandise and selling Doctor                    Who +  Class around the world.

LR - See blog  

2) Write a definition for a preferred reading to make sure you know this terminology. The original blogpost for Reception theory may help with this.

The meaning the producers intend to indicate, also known as the dominant reading

3) Write a list of any narrative theories that you DIDN'T use for your answer to question 1.2. How could you have used these in the Doctor Who clip in the exam? 

Levi - Strauss 

Could have talked about binary opposition. 

 - Good vs Evil

 - Light vs Dark

 

Barthes

Could have talked about action and enigma codes.

Entering TARDIS  -Enigma codes - What is it? 

                                                        - Who are they?

4) Write three ways in which a modern audience might respond differently to Doctor Who: An Unearthly Child compared to an audience at the time.

Camerawork

There is a less variety of shots in Doctor Who which makes it less exciting for a modern day audience. 

Sound  

The sounding is outdated for a modern audience as nowadays they would be able to add in more eerie sound to make a more eerie atmosphere to create elements of space.

Genre

The Doctor is a white male which would be an outdated stereotype for a younger audience but in 1960's it would have been normal for them as males were dominant.

5) Write a plan for question 2 in the assessment - the 20-mark essay on Doctor Who as a franchise. Use the mark scheme to help you and aim to plan an introduction, conclusion and at least three detailed paragraphs.

Introduction: The Doctor Who franchise has been very important for the BBC as it has been the longest running TV show and is aimed at a large audience. 

Representations

Paragraph 1: Traditionally the Dr was a white older male with a younger female companion which was reinforcing the stereotypes of males being dominant and superior whilst the females were inferior. But there have been changes in society were females are more superior and males were not. This can be seen in Class as April is more powerful as she threatens to kill her dad, etc which subverts stereotypes of women being inferior.

Story lines

Paragraph  2: The Doctor and Susan are strangers to earth and could be danger/threat. During this time there was a danger of Russian spies. The Doctor and Susan could be reflecting the spies.

In Class April has problems and fights with her father. This could relate to a teenage audience as it could reflect the parent child conflict in real life.

Audience  

Paragraph 3: Shows are now aimed at a smaller audience but spin-offs are made to gain a larger audience. For example Doctor Who and Class.

 

6) What topics do you need to revise for future Paper 2 exams? List at least three topics, theories or CSPs.

-Reception theory 

-Industry context for Dr Who

-PSB remit, ofcom etc

Daily Mirror case study: Representations and Industries

Representation

1) What political party does the Daily Mirror support?

     Labour

2) How does the Daily Mirror usually represent rich and powerful people?

     The Daily Mirror usually goes against rich and powerful people as they support the labour party and      fight for the voices for ordinary people. 

3) How are celebrities usually presented in tabloid newspapers like the Daily Mirror? Look at the 'New          Bond stars are revealed' story on the front page of the Daily Mirror.

 

   Celebrities are presented to be important in tabloid newspapers  

4) How are the royal family presented in the double-page spread 'Kate told Harry to make peace... then they all met up for tea'? 

The royal family are presented to be like a 'normal' family. We can use Blumler and Katz theory. We can  use personal identity - People like us can identify with the royal family row.

5) Why do you think the Daily Mirror represents the royal family as a 'normal' family? Why might this appeal to Daily Mirror readers?

 

The royal family are presented as a 'normal' family because the publishers and newspaper editors want to create personal identity with the royal family and the readers.

Industries

1) What company owns the Daily Mirror?

Reach PLC

2) What is the Daily Mirror's circulation in 2020? How many papers did the Daily Mirror used to sell back in the 1990s?

1990: 3 Million a day

2020: 450,000  a day 

3) Why has the newspaper industry struggled in the last 20 years?

The newspaper industry has struggled in the last 20 years due to the internet. This is because the internet is giving news away for free which made people stop buying newspaper.

4) How has the Daily Mirror reacted to the decline in print sales and the growth of the internet?

 

The daily Mirror have put their newspapers online on the internet to increase their circulation. 

5) List five of Galtung & Ruge's News Values and explain how they link to the stories in our CSP edition of the Daily Mirror.

Elite nations and people -  Half of the front cover of the Daily Mirror is dedicated to the royal family. 

Negativity - This newspaper talks about the row between Prince William and Prince Harry.

Balance - The newspaper talks about the new James Bond stars to balance other news. 

Immediacy - Happened last year, fairly recant.

Continuity - Already defined as news as it has been on other newspapers, channels and websites.

Grade 8/9 extension task

The Daily Mirror's owner, Reach (then Trinity Mirror) bought control of the Express and Daily Star newspapers in 2018. Read this Guardian feature on the deal. Why did Trinity Mirror buy the papers?

The Trinity Mirror wanted to grow bigger to give it the scale to drive revenues from traditional newspapers and to fight for digital advertising. 

TV assessment - Learner Response

1) Type up your feedback in full - WWW & EBI. You do not have to write your mark and grade if you don't want to.

 Total = 23 = Grade 4

WWW - This is a very solid assessment with much to credit and the potential to go to a lot higher. You have clearly revised the CSP's and terminology and focus on the questions impressively. Now we nee to add the depth and detail to reach the top levels.

EBI - Revise narrative theories and audience theories (uses and gratifications) that you're missing for 1.2 and 1.3. You just need a bit more for the top levels here. 

       - In Q2, you need more examples of social and cultural contexts e.g. diversity, sexuality, technical                construction of TV etc. You also need specific examples from the CSP's.

LR - See blog.

2) Write a definition for intertextuality to make sure you know this terminology.

  Intertextuality is when one media product makes references to another media product.

3) Write a list of narrative theories that you could have used for question 1.2. How do these relate to Class? You can refer to the extract or any other moment in episode 4 of Class.

• Todorov
• Propp
• Levi-Strauss 
• Barthes

Todorov - disequilibrium - problem between April and her Father

Propp - character types - April: hero/villain/anti-hero

                                    - Corakinus: villain 

                                       = Conflict/drama/suspense

Levi-Strauss - Binary opposition -Shadow kin planet

                                                      - Earth

Barthes - Action/enigma codes

Action codes

-Swords (prop): fight/death/danger 

Enigma codes

-Will April kill her father?

- Will heart storyline be resolved 

4) How do the four aspects of Blumler and Katz's Uses and Gratifications theory apply to Class? Give specific examples from episode 4 of Class.

Personal relationships - Character : April & Ram

                                                        April - Conflict

                                                                  - heart

Personal identity : Family conflict + arguments with parents 

                              - Ram and April's relationship

Diversion/Entertainment

-Fantasy/Sci-fi genre elements - shadow kin world, costume

- violence - swords - visceral pleasure 

- April and Ram : conventionally attractive actors

  5) Write a plan for question 2 in the assessment - the 20-mark essay on social and cultural contexts. Use the mark scheme to help you and aim to plan an introduction, conclusion and at least three detailed paragraphs.

Intro : answer to the Q.

To a great extent, Doctor Who and Class reflect the time of their production.

Para 1 : Doctor Who 1963

- Production values/technical construction

- Slow not much camera movement 

- Mise-en-scene: props, fashion

- Gender stereotypes : Men superior - teachers

- Class : Middle class 

- Ethnicity : White - racist "savages"

- Space race

Para 2 : Class 2016

- Production : Shots, camera movement, pace of editing, colours, effects

- Mise-en-scene: aliens, costume and make-up

- Gender: powerful female characters - April 

- Race/Ethnicity : diversity - subverts stereotypes/ Ms Quill

                             -Ram & Tanya 

6) What topics do you need to revise for next week's PPE? List at least three topics, theories or CSPs.

   

-  Social, cultural and historical context

- Narrative theories

- Doctor Who class

- Audience pleasures 

  

  

 

 

Daily Mirror: Language and Audience

 Language

1) Write the definition of the following key language for newspaper front pages:

Masthead: The title block of the newspaper 'Red Top'

Pug: Something to catch the readers eye

Splash Head: The lead story 

Slogan: Sums up ethos of newspaper 

Dateline: The date the newspaper is published 

Kicker: Story at the top of the paper 

Byline: Gives the name of the article writer 

Standfirst: Introductory paragraph usually in bold 

 2) How much does a copy of the Daily Mirror cost?

80p

3) What are the main stories on the CSP edition of the Daily Mirror (see above)?

• The new Bond movie 
• Measles epidemic fear 
• The royal family

4) Why is the choice of news stories on the Mirror CSP front page typical of a tabloid newspaper?

Because the tabloid usually features soft news which is celebrity gossip, the royal family and sports.

 

5) What is the balance on the Daily Mirror front page between images, headlines and text?

There are more pictures than text. This is because it is aimed at a working to middle class audience.

Audience

1) What is the target audience for the Daily Mirror?

The target audience for the Daily Mirror is working to middle class people (C2,D,E)

2) Why does the Mirror front page story appeal to the Daily Mirror audience?

The front page appeals to the target audience as it is mainly about the royal family which the audience would enjoy as it is a big part of the nation and if some of the audience are patriotic, then they would think the royal family is amazing. 

3) Why might a reader enjoy the Daily Mirror? Use Blumler & Katz Uses and Gratifications theory to add detail to your answer.

An audience would enjoy reading the Daily Mirror as:

Personal identity - The royal family are having a row so the audience can relate it as it seems like one of their family rows.

Personal relationship - The audience feel like they know the royal family. 

                                   - 'Wills' 'Harry' ' Kate' - informal and friendly 

                                   - Royal family get lots of media courage. Particularly in tabloids.

                                   - Appeal to Mirror audience - Old + working class 

                                   - Traditional 

                                   - Patriotic

4) Why are print newspapers generally read by older audiences?

  

Print newspapers are generally read by older age groups (55+) as they don't use the technology whilst the younger audience go online to see their news.

5) How is the 'Wills and Harry royal rift' story on the double page spread constructed to appeal to Daily Mirror readers? 

The royal family news usually is printed on tabloids as it is less serious and is enjoying for older audiences as it is traditional.  

Grade 8/9 extension tasks

Read this Guardian column on the Mirror's struggles with covering Brexit. How did the Mirror suggest people vote in the EU referendum and how did many of its working class audience actually vote?

Guardian Media critic Roy Greenslade writes about why tabloid newspapers like the Mirror are struggling to attract younger readers in this column. Make a note of some of the key statistics in this article and also what Greenslade thinks tabloids should do to stay relevant in the digital age. This column also has an excellent discussion of the Mirror's political stance which is ideal to grade 9 answers.

The Daily express lost more  than 9%, although the Daily Mails annual loss was only 7%.

Introduction to Newspapers

 

1) What type of news can you typically find in a tabloid newspaper?

Soft news - Celebrity gossip, sports, showbiz and the Royal family.

2) What type of news can you typically find in a broadsheet newspaper? 

Hard news - Politics, international culture and sport. All for information purposes - less for entertainment.

3) If someone is left-wing, which political party are they likely to support? Which newspaper would they be likely to read? 

Left-wings are most likely to be read by the labour party supporters. They are most likely to read the Daily Mirror.

4) If someone is right-wing, which political party are they likely to support? Which newspaper would they be likely to read?

Right-wings are most likely to support conservative. They are most likely to read The times.

5) Why has there been a decline in newspaper sales in the last 20 years?

There has been a decline in the past 20 years to newspapers due to technology and the news being online and free.

6) Why is a free press important in a democracy like the UK?

Free press is important for democracy like the UK as the press sometimes speaks the truth towards power. 

 

 

Class: Audience and Industry

 Audience

1) What were the viewing figures for Class and why do you think it did so badly?

The class viewing figures went from 1.8 million down to 0.6 million. This could be because of the fact of the hours they were scheduled or that there was to much sexual content, violence and bad language scenes.

2) What audience psychographic groups might particularly enjoy Class?

Groups that would enjoy class would be the people who are Dr. Who fans or an audience that enjoy watching Sci-Fi or Fantasy.

3) What audience pleasures are offered by Class - Co-owner of a Lonely Heart? Apply Blumler and Katz's Uses and Gratifications theory to the episode. Make sure you provide specific examples from the episode to support your ideas.

Personal Identity: The main characters are School students which teenagers can relate to. We see                                          ourselves  like that.

Personal Relationship: We create a personal relationship with the characters and we feel for them.

 Diversion (Escapism): We get diverted from the real life world to the Class world and The Shadow Kin                                          planet.

Surveillance (Information / Facts): We learn about the Travel of Space and Aliens.

4) Thinking of the 3 Vs audience pleasures (Visceral, Vicarious and Voyeuristic pleasures), which of these can be applied to Class - Co-owner of a Lonely Heart?

Visceral: When the swords appear in Aprils hand gives a feeling of thrill.

Vicarious: We experience meeting aliens through the characters. 

Voyeuristic: We see Ram And April and Parent and child conflict.

5) How did fans in the 'Whoniverse' (also known as 'Whovians') react to Class? Watch the fan reaction video (and read the YouTube comments) embedded above or check the comments in the extension articles below to help with this.

The fans agreed with the review. They thought that the format of Class was wrong and that the relationship of April and Ram was too Fast.  

Industries

1) What was the objective of BBC3 when it was launched?

BBC3 objective was to innovative programmes to a target audience of viewers between  

16-34-year-old.

 2) Why did BBC3 go online-only in February 2016? 

BBC went online in February due to 16-34-year-old not watching live TV.

3) How does Class - Co-owner of a Lonely Heart meet the BBC's mission statement to 'inform, educate and entertain'?

Co-owner of a lonely heart meets the remit as they entertain teenagers by making the show related to a teenager lifestyle.

 4) How did the distribution of Class contribute to the failure of the show with audiences?

 

Class was shown late at night when most people are most likely sleeping and now days most teenagers watch online TV.

5) What advertising and marketing was used to try and promote Class to an audience? Why do you think this wasn't very successful?

They had lots of online videos with the cast and workers of Class, fan art and fiction.

It wasn't successful because it was criticised for not making more of its link to Doctor Who.

Comparison: An Unearthly Child and Co-owner of a Lonely Heart  

1) How are the technical conventions different between 1963 Doctor Who and 2016 Class (e.g. camerawork, editing, sound and mise-en-scene)?

The camera work in Doctor Who was shaky because they done it by hand compare to Class where it is much more steadily done because of stands and tracks. The sound is more realistic in class compare to Doctor Who.

2) What similarities and differences are there between An Unearthly Child and Co-owner of a Lonely Heart in terms of the science-fiction genre?

In an unearthly child, the design/layout of the TARDIS is like a spaces ship (alien like). 

E.g. the design pattern on the wall of the TARDIS is like small lights which give a feeling of Sci-Fi. 

Whilst in Co-owner of a lonely heart there is the futuristic weapon that Ms. Quill has and there is the blue orb which gives a felling of Sci-Fi.

3) What similarities and differences are there between An Unearthly Child and Co-owner of a Lonely Heart in terms of how they meet the BBC's remit to inform, educate and entertain?

In an unearthly child they meet the remit of educate and entertain whilst in Co-owner of a lonely heart they only entertain. An unearthly child educates about science, history, space and time travel and it is entertaining for the audience. In Co-owner of a lonely heart there is only entertainment for the audience as it is aimed at 16-34 year-old. 

4) How are representations of people, places and groups similar or different in the two shows?

In an unearthly child the representations of women are put as inferior towards men. This can be seen in when Barbara and Ian are in the junkyard and the doctor keeps looking at Barbara ignorantly and keeps talking to Ian "Young man..." Whilst in Co-owner of a lonely heart the women are superior. This can be seen when April is looking down and shouting at her farther then threatens to attack her. In Dr. who there is not that much diversity, there is only white middle-upper class actors/actresses. Whilst in Class there are BAME and white actors/actresses from all backgrounds and classes.  

5) What similarities and differences can you find in terms of the audience pleasures for An Unearthly Child and Co-owner of a Lonely Heart?

Both Dr. Who and Class have forms of diversion and entertainment as it fills their time in, it is relaxing and is full of enjoyment for the audience.   

Class: Language and Representations

 Language and close-textual analysis

1) Write an NCIS analysis for the episode - using notes from the screening in class. Make specific, detailed reference to moments in the text using media terminology (e.g. media language - camera shots and movement, diegetic/non-diegetic sound, mise-en-scene etc.)

Co-owner of a Lonely Heart

Clip 1 - 00:00-03:10

Narrative: Corakinus tries to get new heart, but something wrong happens.

                 Corakinus and April share a heart (Sci-Fi)

                 'previously on...' - Multi strand narrative

                  Relationships.

                 

Character: Corakinus - Villain

                  April

                  Ensemble cast - TV drama     

Iconography: Swords 

                      Shiny heart 

                      lighting

                     Anchor - blue glowing orb

Setting: Corakinus's palace 

              April's bedroom

              Cave/lair 

               Domestic settings

 2) How does Todorov's theory of equilibrium apply to Co-owner of a Lonely Heart? Try and use the expanded version of Todorov's theory: Equilibrium - Disruption - Recognition - Reparation - New equilibrium.

Equilibrium - Previously on/Recap Clip

Disruption - April's Father 

Recognition - April and Ram in bedroom

Reparation - Aprils dad confronts her 

New equilibrium - Next episode

3) Applying Propp's character theory, what character roles do each of the main characters in Class fit into? Alternatively, you may wish to discuss how characters do not fit Propp's character types.

Hero - Charlie :Charlie is the prince of  the Rodians and tries to protect the Cabinet of Souls.

                                  

Heroine - April: Tries to save everyone from Corakinus ( King of the shadow kin.)   

Princess - April: Needs to be saved/helped by someone.  

Villain - Corakinus: Wants to take the heart away from April (wants to kill her) and wants the Cabinet                                    of Souls 

Donor - Ms Quill: Helps Charlie as she is in charge of his safety 

False hero - Ram: Thinks he is the hero as he helps April but he cant really do anything as he cant save                                her from Corakinus

Dispatcher - April's Father: This is because he tries to warn April's Mother that something is wrong                                                     with April.

Helper - Tanya: She tries to help everyone but cant do that much.   

 

4) What enigma and action codes (Barthes) can you find in Co-owner of a Lonely Heart? Make specific, detailed reference to the text using media terminology (e.g. media language - camera shots, diegetic/non-diegetic sound, mise-en-scene etc.)

Petals - What happens to the Petals?

Swords - April and Corakinus 

Headteacher - What will Miss Quill do when the creature is out of her head?

5) What examples of binary opposition (Levi-Strauss) can you find in Co-owner of a Lonely Heart? How do these create narrative or drama for the audience?

April vs Corakins - They are enemies but both share April's heart.

Domestic setting vs Alien Setting - Gives feeling of a normal life than changes to a alien life.

Young vs Old - The young teenagers are interfering in trouble whilst the older people e.g. Ms Quill, don't care about anything or dont know what is happening.   

Representations

1) How is gender represented in Class - Co-owner of a Lonely Heart? Are gender stereotypes reinforced or subverted?

Gender stereotypes are both reinforced and subverted. They have been reinforced because the males have been presented as powerful and to be heroes. This is shown Ram is presented as the typical hero as he helps April as she goes to attack her farther and goes into the the realm of the shadow kin.

The have been subverted as the females have been presented as powerful  and superior. This is shown when April is about to attack her father and threatens top kill him, he gets frightened of  her and it is also shown when she goes into the realm of the shadow kin.      

2) How is age (e.g. teenagers; older people like teachers or parents) represented in Class - Co-owner of a Lonely Heart? Does the show reinforce or challenge stereotypes about young people?

Age is represented as the older people e.g. teacher/parents are caring toward the teenagers. Whilst the teenagers have been presented to be interfering.  

3) How is race and ethnicity represented in Class - Co-owner of a Lonely Heart? Are  stereotypes reinforced or subverted?

Race and Ethnicity have been both subverted and reinforced. They have been subverted because  BAME people have been represented to be smart and clever this can been seen by Tanya (Black character)  as she is smarter then her year group  as she is two year groups above. It has been reinforced as White people are represented as smart. This can be seen by April (White character) who is presented as smart.   


4) How is sexuality represented in Class - Co-owner of a Lonely Heart? How does this reflect the BBC's remit to represent modern Britain?

Sexuality has been presented to be open. This is because Charlie (Homosexual character) is open with his gender which is normal in his society but in real life some people show hatred towards homosexuality.    

5) How is disability represented in Class - Co-owner of a Lonely Heart? Why are disabled people generally under-represented in the media and how does Class try to address this?

Disability has been represented to be normal. This is because April has a disabled mother. Disabled people are under-represented because they cant do things that 'normal' can do and might have mental or physical health issues. Class has tried to present this to be a normal thing as some people have problems but we need to respect that.  

Audience and Industry

 Audience 

1) Who is the target audience for Doctor Who? Has it changed since 1963?

The target audience of Doctor Who families (age between 12-40). This has changed Since 1963 as from 1970-2010 the female audience has increased by 22%.

2) What audience psychographic groups might particularly enjoy Doctor Who?

The psychographics groups of Doctor Who are people who are interested in science and history.

 3) What audience pleasures are offered by An Unearthly Child? Apply Blumler and Katz's Uses and Gratifications theory to the episode. Make sure you provide specific examples from the episode to support your ideas.

Personal Identity: When we personally relate to something. Teenagers could associate themselves as                                   Susan

Personal Relationships: When we create a personal relationship with the characters. We might care                                               about what happens at the end of Doctor Who when they time travel to the                                               Cavemen era.

Diversion (Escapism):When we are escaping or entertained away from your normal life. For example                                        the audience might find the sci-fi entertaining.  

Surveillance (Information / Facts): When we learn new information from a show. For example, Doctor Who teaches us about space, science and history. 

4) What additional Uses and Gratifications would this episode provide to a modern 2020 audience?

Additional Uses and Gratifications this episode would provide is Visceral, Vicarious and Voyeuristic also known as the 3 V's.

5) Thinking of the 3 Vs audience pleasures (Visceral, Vicarious and Voyeuristic pleasures), which of these can be applied to An Unearthly Child?

 

Visceral - Physical thrill of watching something. When we see the TARDIS starting up to time travel. 

Vicarious - Experiencing something through characters. We experience space and time travel through the Doctor etc.

Voyeuristic - Watching something we normally wouldn't see. We get to see what the inside of the TARDIS looks like and see Sci-Fi which was new in the 1960s.

Industries

1) What was the television industry like in 1963? How many channels were there?
The television industry was less diverse and they had more man as the main roles than females. 

They weren't that many channels, there were only 3. 

2) Why is Doctor Who such an important franchise for the BBC? 
Doctor Who is important as it has been a long running show and informs viewers about their mission statement. 

3) How does Doctor Who meet the BBC's mission statement to 'inform, educate and entertain'?
Doctor Who does this as it informs the audience about historical events, it educates us about science and history and audience find the show entertaining.    

4) How is the BBC funded?
The BBC is funded by the TV license tax which is £157.50 

5) Who regulates the BBC and what is the watershed?

The BBC is regulated by the OfCOM (the Office of Communications). The watershed is when suitable programs for all age groups are shown before the 9pm cut off time. After this they can put more grown up programs.       

  

Learner Response

 1) Type up your feedback in full - WWW & EBI. You do not have to write your mark and grade if you don't want to.

Total = 25 = Grade 5

WWW - This is a very solid assessment with the potential to aim for the top levels next time. It's very clear you've revised the theories, CSP's and contexts and this knowledge is vital to succeeding.

EBI -  Our challenge now is to add to depth and detail to you analysis to reach the top grades. Try and discuss the different possible meanings aspects of the text might communicate to the audience.

       - Question focus: you must stay focused on the 8 and 12 mark questions.

LR - see blog

 2) Look at Question 3 in the assessment - the media analysis of the Under Armour advert.

Use CLAMPS to revise mise-en-scene and write about each element of CLAMPS for the Under Armour advert.

C - Costume: The player is wearing red and black rugby kit which has connotations of the logo which is also in the colour red. The red could also show feelings of stress or energy which links back to the advert as the man is training which shows he is using power and energy. 

L - Lighting: The stadium floodlights tell the audience that they are in stadium which shows that under armour give their products to professional sports players. The floodlights are also in the shape on the under armour logo.

A - Actor placement and movement: The rugby player is lifting a large heavy tyre which suggests he is strong and training hard. The player's face suggests that he is drained and is training hard.

M - Make up: The player's face is shining under the lights which makes it look like he is sweating which shows connotations that he is training hard.

P - Props: The tyre is significant because it shows how strong the rugby player is because of his practice.

S - Setting: The stadium setting suggests to the audience that the rugby player is a professional sports man which suggest that their products are used by professional sports players.

3) Look at Question 4. What is Todorov's theory of equilibrium? How does it link to the Audrey Hepburn Galaxy advert? 

The adverts has links to Todorov's theory as it has a equilibrium, disequilibrium and equilibrium.

Equilibrium - Audrey Hepburn is sitting in the bus whilst it is driving peacefully along the coast                     of Italy. 

Disequilibrium - The bus crashes because of a fruit stall which has blocked the road.

New equilibrium - A man offers to drive Audrey Hepburn, she accepts the lift and they drive of.

4) What social class is Reveal aimed at? (Extension - what do the cover lines on Reveal suggest about what working class people are interested in?)

Reveal is aimed at working class women. The cover lines suggests that working class people are interested in gossip, celebrities and looking and dressing a certain way. 

5) Pick three cover lines from Tatler that reflect upper class British culture and society. Explain what they suggest about the lifestyle and beliefs of upper class British people.

Most invited 2017 - This suggests that higher class people get invited and host balls/exclusive parties.

The one month gap year - This suggests that rich kids go on gap years and do tours around the world which you can only associate with rich people because they have a lot of money.

Oops my clothes fell off -  This suggest that rich women like dressing and looking a certain way.